Longitudinal associations among student-student relationship, moral disengagement, and adolescents' bullying perpetration.

Adolescents with negative student-student relationships are at increased risk for bullying perpetration. Moral disengagement has been well documented as one of the main examined predictive variables of bullying perpetration. However, few studies have examined the mechanism of moral disengagement in the association between student-student relationship and adolescents' bullying perpetration. The present study examined the bidirectional associations among student-student relationship, moral disengagement, and bullying perpetration. Moreover, the present study tested the longitudinal mediating effect of moral disengagement and the moderating effect of gender. Participants were 2,407 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.75, SD = .58 at baseline). The cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) revealed that prior student-student relationship was associated with later bullying perpetration (ßT1→T2 = -.11 and ßT2→T3 = -.12), prior student-student relationship was associated with later moral disengagement (ßT1→T2 = -.15 and ßT2→T3 = -.10), and prior moral disengagement was associated with later bullying perpetration (ßT1→T2 = .22 and ßT2→T3 = .10). Furthermore, moral disengagement at Time 2 significantly mediated the association between student-student relationship at Time 1 and bullying perpetration at Time 3 (ß = -.015). Gender moderated the mediating effect of moral disengagement. These findings highlight the importance of student-student relationship and moral disengagement in antibullying intervention programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Affect Visual Outcome Treating Acute Endophthalmitis.

Background: Examining the effect of antibiotic resistance, use of intravitreal antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids on visual outcome of eyes with acute endophthalmitis. Methods: We included 226 eyes with acute endophthalmitis, treated using a standardized protocol. Visual outcome up to 12 months was assessed related to biopsy results, antibiotics resistance and treatment regimens. Results: Vitreous biopsies were more likely to be culture-positive (41.1%) than anterior chamber biopsies (21.6%, p < 0.0001). Antibiotic resistance for amikacin was found in 19 eyes (24.7%), vancomycin in 29 eyes (31.5%) and moxiflocacin in 14 eyes (16.1%). At presentation 91.53% of eyes had BCVA < 20/40, reducing by 1 month to 69.94% (p < 0.0001) and remaining stable at 12 months. There was no difference in visual outcome for those receiving early systemic corticosteroids. Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery (OR 1.66, 1.04−2.66 95% CI, p = 0.03) and receiving intravitreal vancomycin (OR 3.15, 1.18−8.42 95% CI, p = 0.02) were associated with a greater chance of final BCVA ≥ 20/40. Conclusion: Using vitreous taps with intravitreal antibiotics, despite an increase in resistance to both vancomycin and moxifloxacin, results in a final BCVA > 20/200 in half of eyes and ≥20/40 in a third. Early treatment with intravitreal antibiotics should not be delayed.